Advanced CT Imaging, Radiomics, and Artificial Intelligence to Evaluate Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors’ Effects on Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Advances in the knowledge of renal cell carcinoma (RCC)’s oncogenesis have led to development new therapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which improved clinical outcomes metastatic RCC (mRCC) patients. Our literature search a series studies that were divided into four subcategories: RECIST criteria, radiomics and artificial intelligence, atypical response patterns, body composition. These provide novel promising data aimed at improving patient management outcomes, further strengthening concept precision medicine. Radiomics intelligence allow us obtain—in non-invasive fashion—a multitude cannot be detected with naked eye, offering potential advantages might help predict treatments possibly improve patients’ through personalized approach. The purpose this review is describe available evidence on role computed tomography (CT) evaluating predicting ICIs’ effects mRCC patients by applying intelligence.